Extreme Sports are designed to push the limits and test how far humans can go. There are some extreme sports that have relatively good safety records, and others with abysmal safety and are even illegal. It makes you wonder why people keep coming back to them, and to put their lives on the line. However, unless you have experienced it for yourself you will never be able to understand the adrenaline rush and desire to push the limits that goes into participating in extreme sports. Let’s take a look at some of the most dangerous extreme sports ever invented.

BASE Jumping

The first on the list needs is also probably the most dangerous and has a long history of accidents and death. BASE jumping is simply jumping off any high position with enough height to free fall and open a parachute (or in recent times use a wingsuit to glide). Locations include cliffs, bridges, buildings and even tall antennas. BASE jumping is an incredibly dangerous sport and it is reported that approximately one in every sixty people die attempting a jump. More horrifyingly, these jumps are often livestreamed which means that some BASE jumpers have live streamed their own deaths!

Big Wave Surfing

Big wave surfing is an extreme sport that seems closely related to regular surfing. However, big wave surfers wait for the right conditions to find 100+ feet waves (this might occur after a storm or hurricane fore example). These surfers often use helicopters or jet skis to reach these waves, in an attempt to fuel their adrenaline rush. In the battle of man verses mother nature, its often mother nature that wins. Accidents are common when the force of the wave crashes into the rider or sends them flying through the air. However, surf breaks close to shallow reef are the most dangerous, and many lives have been lost at such extreme surf breaks.

Free Climbing (Soloing)

Rock climbing is an extreme sport by itself, but as humans do, free climbers (also called soloists) take this to another level by climbing without any safety gear! This is one of the most technical extreme sports because one mistake can cause a deadly fall. In fact, if you do fall while free climbing you are more likely to die than simply sustain injuries! The skill of a free climber is what keeps them alive, but it only takes a loose rock or change in weather to turn an adventure into a deadly experience.

Speed Flying/Riding

Speed flying is a combination of paragliding and parachuting. You launch from ground level and ride close to the slope and this type of riding has been adapted for winter sports too (called speed riding). Due to the extreme speeds (up to 90 mph) and close ride there are many risks associated with this sport. Injuries and death often come due to a rider hitting an obstacle (or the slope itself). Over 60 people have died attempting this extreme sport since it became popular.

Cliff Diving/Jumping

This might not seem like a very dangerous or extreme sport, but cliff diving and jumping causes more injury and death than many other sports. Some of the reason for this is that many novices and newcomers attempt cliff jumping each year without considering the dangers. Most common injuries are slips and falls while jumping, as well as the impact of hitting the water from a considerable height. However, the deadliest obstacles are hidden underwater such as rocks, tree branches etc. and a jump into one of these often cause severe injury or death.

An ultra-marathon, often simply called an ultra, is an extreme endurance running event designed to be the ultimate challenge for any runner. These events typically range from 50+ miles, and can be hundreds of miles in length for multi day events. Courses are usually more challenging as well, with a mix of terrain and elevation changes quite common. Runners usually enlist the help of a crew to support them during the race, which makes it more of a team sport than other types of running. An ultra marathon is a growing adventure sport, and it is accessible to almost anyone who can put in the time to train. They are a great alternative to competitive running, because just finishing an ultra is an achievement in itself. It usually takes three to six months to prepare for an ultra (depending on your existing experience and fitness level), and there are many important things you need to know to prepare for an ultra marathon.

Research and choose the right marathon to start

There are many different ultra marathons being held around the world, so it can be a daunting task to find the right one. It’s important to choose one that begins in 3-6 months so that you have plenty of time to train. Also choose an ultra that fits your distance preference. It’s also a good idea to choose one where the terrain and weather conditions will be familiar to you. Always sign up as early as possible, because this commitment means that you will be guaranteed a start and you are more likely to get serious about training if you are committed to race.

Prepare for the terrain

If you are an experienced competitive runner then you will already be familiar with running on the track, road or pavement. An ultra marathon is a different beast and you need to be aware that they are usually held over a variety of terrains in a single race. This means that you should try to simulate the terrain expected during the race in your training. Think about hills and elevation changes, as well as what type of trail you will be running. Think about what the trail is made up of and try to do most of your running on that type of ground. Also try to replicate the climate where possible, because there is a big difference between running in a hot and humid climate opposed to a dry climate. Practice running with the rhythm of the trail, and spend less time focused on the time as you would be in a traditional marathon.

Create a strategy

Your training and race strategies one of the most important elements of an ultra marathon. The temptation is to train longer and harder, in more difficult conditions, but this can be counterproductive. The harder you train the more recovery time you will need, so there needs to be a balance. Mix up your long run strategy and don’t be tempted to train with back-to-back long trail runs. Instead run a single long run one week and then back it up with a series of long runs the next. Slowly build up the distance, just as you would for any other distance run training. Also mix up your training surface, don’t be afraid to run on the road for some of your training. Trails generally cause less impact force, but there are more demands on your body when you are running tough trails.

Ensure you are prepared

Every well-organized ultra will have aid stations that will provide a plethora of items to keep you going. However, you will still need to be prepared to carry (or have your team deliver you) fluids and gels with you on the trail. Practice your hydration strategy in training and find what works best for you. You are allowed to carry your fluids in a bottle, waist belt or backpack bladder, so experiment to find which solution works for you. Also work out your team strategy for things like hydration and supplies along the course.

Don’t be afraid to walk

Most ultra marathon runners use a run/walk interval method. Power walking can help with pacing and can be used in difficult sections of the terrain. A typical interval for the run-walk cycle will be 5/1 or 15/4, and these methods can help in both training and the race itself. If you don’t want to work in intervals you can simply work with the terrain. You can run the flat and easy going sections and then walk the technical parts of the trail and uphill sections.

It’s all about pacing

Your pacing strategy will be what makes or breaks your ultra. You can’t race by your watch because the terrain is too unpredictable to race at a specific pace. Instead you should let the terrain guide you and run by your effort. Learning to race by the feel and by your body’s signals can be difficult, but it is the key to a successful ultra. Learn to break the race into sections and pace yourself so that you are just pushing yourself, but not to exhaustion, to begin with and build your intensity as you go.

Good luck in your ultra marathon adventure. They are definitely a challenge, but can also be a great adventure and a very rewarding experience!

John Davies is an experienced ultra marathon competitor. He reviews appropriate gym clothing at his website

Bungee Jumping is a daunting experience for first time jumpers. It is a very challenging thing to launch yourself off a stable platform and freefall into the unknown. However, most people thoroughly enjoy the experience and many actually choose to repeat the jump at some point in their lives (if not on the same day). Bungee jumping is an adventure sport that is not for the faint hearted, but it can be an extremely rewarding and exciting experience. Follow this simple guide to learn my advice for first time bungee jumpers to make sure your jump goes as smoothly as possible.

Pick a Company with a Great Reputation

Bungee jumping is an extreme sport, which means that safety needs to be the number one priority. It is important to choose a company that abides by all the local regulations and has regular safety inspections. Ideally choose a company with a long history and a perfect safety record. You should also check reviews online to see how others rate the company. It’s also important to consider the location for your jump, most people choose to jump in a picturesque location, and not a hastily setup experience at a carnival or similar.

Listen to Your Jump Master

A jump master is an experienced bungee jumping guide and they will be your key to having a safe experience and will encourage you through the inevitable fear. Listen carefully to their briefing and instructions and follow them closely. If you have any concerns the jump master is the person that you need to talk to.

Wear Appropriate Clothing

The clothing you choose for your jump is quite important. It should be comfortable, but not too loose. You should not wear a skirt or dress, shorts or pants are good choices. Some operators will allow a barefoot jump, but make sure that if you choose shoes that they are closed in shoes with a secure fit. You will not be allowed to wear flip flops! Ensure that you have all items out of your pocket, jewelry and watch removed and have no other loose items that could fall. You will be required to removed glasses or contact lenses too. If you have long hair it is a very good idea to tie it up securely before jumping.

Eat Sensibly Before Your Jump

It is perfectly ok to eat before you make your jump. However, it is a good idea to keep it light and not overeat before bungee jumping. Keep the liquids to a sensible level too, and definitely don’t drink alcohol before you jump. Vomiting is not uncommon with nerves and a full stomach, and it is not a pretty experience to bounce back up and through your own vomit!

Don’t Look Down

A good jump master will have you pick a point ahead of you to stare at. Looking down will make taking the leap far more difficult. I always recommend picking a point on the horizon and simply stare at it intensely. It can be very tempting to look down, but don’t do it!

Always Read the Waiver Before Signing

You will have to sign a medical and indemnity waiver before you jump, and most people simply sign it without reading it. However, it is a very good idea to read this document carefully and be honest if about any medical conditions that you have.

Don’t Overthink it, Just Jump

When it comes time to making the jump don’t think about it too much. Listen for the countdown and try to jump before the jump master reaches 1. You are far more likely to chicken out if you wait until the end of the countdown and it is perfectly fine to jump a little early. Before long you will be safely back on solid ground, with one of the best memories that you could ever hope for!

I was a white water rafting guide for four years, and it was one of the most rewarding jobs I have ever done. I was fortunate to guide people from all walks of life and experience levels on various different rivers. The vast majority of people were beginners, and many came to us woefully unprepared. This is not only poor preparation on their part, but it can also be dangerous. The following are my simple tips for a beginner to white water rafting to keep you safe and ensure you have loads of fun!

Choose the Right Clothes

It is almost a guarantee that you will get wet while white water rafting. The ability to get dry and warm is very important because many rapids are found on rivers where the water temperature is far lower than body temperature. In warm conditions I usually recommend swimwear or workout clothes because it dries quickly, however, any synthetic material that doesn’t retain water will work. If it is colder and wetter then wet weather gear is a good idea. Also consider your shoes. Don’t wear flip flops, a decent pair of sandals is ideal. A change of clothes in a waterproof bag is also a very good idea if you happen to fall in!

Prepare for the Elements

Most rafting expeditions are undertaken in the middle of the day. This means that you need to make sure you use and bring sun protection. This means sunscreen, because you won’t feel yourself getting sunburn with the cool water and breeze, but it will be happening. Nothing will ruin your experience like a bad sunburn. Choose sunscreen with an appropriate SPF rating, and remember that it needs to be waterproof sunscreen! Just as important are a hat and sunglasses for eye protection. Just make sure to choose a close fitting hat and sunglasses with a strap so that they will stay on your head while traversing the rapids. Keeping hydrated is also very important and a water bottle should definitely be on your packing list. You should also bring a water proof bag to store anything that you will be taking with you, and some trash bags for storing wet clothes.

Be Prepared to Work and Listen to Your Guide

White water rafting is not for the lazy, you will be working together as a team to safely navigate the rapids and everyone needs to pull their weight. This means that you will be required to paddle, and put in the effort. Always follow your guide and listen to their instructions. They will give you a briefing before you embark, which you need to pay full attention to. Take all of their warnings seriously and always follow their safety instructions and wear your safety gear. Your guide is there to keep you safe and make sure you have an excellent adventure. A guide with a crew that doesn’t listen or follow instructions will choose a less intense route which simply won’t be as much fun for you.

Pick the Right Level of Adventure for You

As a beginner is makes sense to choose an adventure that is more to your level. This doesn’t mean that you can’t challenge yourself the first time around, but make sure you choose a river that suits a novice. Class I and Class II rapids are perfect for a beginner. Class III is where a challenge steps up and it is recommended to have some experience before tackling this class along with the advanced class IV and class V rapids (recommended for experts only).

Have Fun

White water rafting is a real adventure and it proves to be a fun and rewarding experience for most people. If you are prepared there is a much better chance of having a good experience. In my years as a white water rafting guide I found that it was the inexperienced and underprepared people who didn’t get the most out of the adventure. All it takes is a little preparation to have a great experience!

Skydiving is seen as one of the more extreme adventure activities, but it is also one of the most popular extreme activities. It can be daunting to make your first jump, but good preparation is key to a successful first jump. These tips for first time skydivers will help you make sure your first day goes as smoothly as possible and will be one that you will remember forever.

Choose the Right Clothes

One of the first choices you will make on the day of your jump will be your clothes. Most good companies will offer you a jump suit, but it is still important to wear appropriate clothing for skydiving. It is important to choose tighter fitting, yet comfortable, clothing because in the air everything flaps around and tries to escape. The same goes for your shoes. I highly recommend tight fitting and well laced tennis shoes for your first jump. Even if they are slightly loose you might end up landing without shoes (it has happened many times before)!

Eat and Drink Something

Even if you are nervous before the jump it is important to eat something an hour or so beforehand. This ensures that your blood sugar levels will be stable for the jump. At the same time, it is important not to overeat before you make the jump. If you eat too much then it could make for a very uncomfortable skydiving experience for both you and your tandem instructor! Ensuring you are hydrated is also very important, but again don’t drink too much because there are no bathrooms at 14000ft. Never be tempted to use alcohol to calm the nerves, most companies will stop you from making the jump if they suspect you have had a drink – even if you are not drunk!

Use the Bathroom

Following on from the last advice, it is a very good idea to use the bathroom before you make the jump. Do this before you meet your instructor and begin preparations. You don’t want to have to tell them you need to use the bathroom once all the preparations have been made and you are harnessed up. A good company will make sure people are aware of this, but still many get caught out!

Embrace the Fear

Fear is going to play a part for most first-time skydivers (hell, even experienced instructors still feel fear at times). My advice is to embrace the fear and understand that it is a perfectly normal part of the experience. It is the fear that makes the experience so exhilarating, as you jump, freefall, parachute and land safely you will experience all kinds of emotions, and many of these will be heightened because of the initial fear. Fear is not your enemy, it will just enhance the experience!

Take the Pre-Jump/Safety Briefing Seriously

Unless you are in the military, your first-time skydiving will mostly likely be in tandem with an experienced instructor. This means that there is the temptation to get distracted by nerves or not pay attention to the safety briefing because of complacency. This part of the experience is extremely important and they will run through important information that you need to know. Even if you are feeling extremely nervous, this is the time to pay attention!

Take it all in (and record it)

The actual skydiving experience will not last very long and your first time will feel like it is over very quickly (and the buildup will be excruciating). Take in the experience and try to capture it in some way if the company allows you to do so (many companies will do photos and videos as part of the package). Once you are out of the plane, try to breathe and enjoy the experience as much as possible!

Go and Do It!

Skydiving is an adventure activity that many people dream of doing, but most are held back due to fear. Don’t let this get in the way of experiencing life, get out there and try things and you might just find a new passion!